I computed the planetary appulses lesser than 10′ where Uranus and Neptune were involved, from the beginning of the Telescopic Era, before their discovery because they were actually observed but not associated to a planet.
Uranus was discovered in 1781 by William Herschel. At first he thought it was a comet, but when the orbit was analysed it became clear that it was a planet. Several astronomers already observed Uranus (Hipparcos, Flamsteed, Le Monnier) but it was always mistaken for a star.
Same for Neptune. Its existence was mathematically predicted by Le Verrier, and instrumentally confirmed by Galle in 1846. Several astronomers observed Neptune before its discovery though, firstly Galileo Galilei who, if only he had had more perseverance, would have realized that it was not a star, Lalande in 1795 and John Herschel in 1830.
I have to say that I am very satisfied with this work on the mutual appulses between planets. From what I’ve been able to verify a so complete work doesn’t exist either on the Internet or on published papers. The core of this research is embedded into UrukFSP, extended from BCE 10000 to CE 10000. These lists published as post on my blog cover a more restricted time range but extend the appulses to a distance of 10′ between the planets.
References:
Joachim Gripp, Emil Khalisi. Appulses of Jupiter and Saturn. arXiv:(side label) [physics.pop-ph] 2021
Jean Meeus. Mutual occultations of planets. Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 80:282–287, 1970.
Salvo de Meis. Some mutual planetary occultations. Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 103: 185–187, 1993.
Legenda: SEP = minimum GEOCENTRIC separation between center of mass of PLAN1 and PLAN2 in arcsec. A = SEP - (SD1 + SD2) in arcsec. If negative a geocentric transit occurs. B = SEP - |PAR1 - PAR2| in arcsec. If negative a topocentric transit occurs. if GEOC = "occ" and TOPOC = "occ" then a transit is confirmed. if GEOC = " - " and TOPOC = "occ" no geocentric transit but a transit is visible somewhere on the Earth surface. if GEOC = " - " and TOPOC = " - " no transit, SEP is <= 10'. It's called an "Appulse" SD1 = apparent radius of PLAN1 in arcsec. SD2 = apparent radius of PLAN2 in arcsec. PAR1 = parallax of PLAN1 in arcsec. PAR2 = parallax of PLAN2 in arcsec. SUN_ELO = elongation from the Sun in degrees Dates are Gregorian after CE1582-10-4 and Julian before this date.
MARS - URANUS APPULSES FROM CE 1600 TO CE 2100. Max Distance 10' - Source UrukFSP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P1 P2 JDN TT Date SEP " A B GEO TOP SD1 SD2 PAR1 PAR2 ELO ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MARS|URANUS|2305951.00347|CE 1601 May 18 12:05.0 TT|123.08|+119.37|+116.03| - | - |02.01|01.70|03.77|00.43|21| MARS|URANUS|2310817.08958|CE 1614 Sep 13 14:09.0 TT|055.50|+050.31|+044.45| - | - |03.36|01.83|06.32|00.46|76| MARS|URANUS|2316604.73472|CE 1630 Jul 19 05:38.0 TT|354.53|+350.50|+346.87| - | - |02.18|01.84|04.10|00.46|47| MARS|URANUS|2317327.01875|CE 1632 Jul 10 12:27.0 TT|562.77|+558.25|+553.74| - | - |02.65|01.87|04.98|00.47|63| MARS|URANUS|2320754.93125|CE 1641 Nov 28 10:21.0 TT|286.17|+282.44|+279.24| - | - |01.94|01.80|03.65|00.45|27| MARS|URANUS|2334777.49653|CE 1680 Apr 19 23:55.0 TT|353.63|+349.97|+346.67| - | - |01.98|01.67|03.72|00.42|14| MARS|URANUS|2335496.96458|CE 1682 Apr 09 11:09.0 TT|595.67|+592.07|+588.88| - | - |01.92|01.68|03.61|00.42|04| MARS|URANUS|2340353.79792|CE 1695 Jul 27 07:09.0 TT|234.89|+230.86|+227.06| - | - |02.26|01.77|04.25|00.44|43| MARS|URANUS|2349573.04236|CE 1720 Oct 23 13:01.0 TT|459.97|+456.35|+453.39| - | - |01.81|01.81|03.41|00.45|14| MARS|URANUS|2350297.29028|CE 1722 Oct 17 18:58.0 TT|410.80|+407.19|+404.25| - | - |01.81|01.80|03.39|00.45|01| MARS|URANUS|2355163.40764|CE 1736 Feb 12 21:47.0 TT|079.12|+074.78|+070.41| - | - |02.56|01.77|04.82|00.44|57| MARS|URANUS|2364324.26111|CE 1761 Mar 13 18:16.0 TT|155.08|+151.44|+148.15| - | - |01.97|01.67|03.70|00.42|11| MARS|URANUS|2369175.93611|CE 1774 Jun 25 10:28.0 TT|128.58|+124.71|+121.13| - | - |02.14|01.73|04.02|00.43|33| MARS|URANUS|2379114.39167|CE 1801 Sep 10 21:24.0 TT|099.05|+095.43|+092.49| - | - |01.81|01.81|03.39|00.46|14| MARS|URANUS|2383984.91319|CE 1815 Jan 11 09:55.0 TT|323.24|+319.23|+315.49| - | - |02.23|01.79|04.18|00.45|45| MARS|URANUS|2393152.54514|CE 1840 Feb 17 01:05.0 TT|459.86|+456.16|+452.76| - | - |02.03|01.67|03.82|00.42|18| MARS|URANUS|2393870.67639|CE 1842 Feb 04 04:14.0 TT|263.89|+259.95|+256.12| - | - |02.26|01.68|04.25|00.42|37| MARS|URANUS|2398000.64931|CE 1853 May 27 03:35.0 TT|350.80|+347.04|+343.59| - | - |02.06|01.70|03.88|00.43|26| MARS|URANUS|2402869.29792|CE 1866 Sep 24 19:09.0 TT|076.75|+071.10|+064.41| - | - |03.80|01.85|07.15|00.46|83| MARS|URANUS|2408654.08958|CE 1882 Jul 27 14:09.0 TT|317.87|+313.94|+310.47| - | - |02.09|01.84|03.92|00.46|42| MARS|URANUS|2409377.17292|CE 1884 Jul 19 16:09.0 TT|590.15|+585.81|+581.63| - | - |02.47|01.86|04.65|00.47|58| MARS|URANUS|2412804.49514|CE 1893 Dec 06 23:53.0 TT|483.28|+479.49|+476.21| - | - |01.99|01.80|03.74|00.45|32| MARS|URANUS|2413527.22153|CE 1895 Nov 29 17:19.0 TT|494.00|+490.34|+487.26| - | - |01.88|01.78|03.53|00.45|16| MARS|URANUS|2423413.95764|CE 1922 Dec 25 10:59.0 TT|381.92|+377.02|+371.46| - | - |03.19|01.71|05.99|00.43|67| MARS|URANUS|2426827.38750|CE 1932 Apr 29 21:18.0 TT|541.86|+538.16|+534.79| - | - |02.02|01.67|03.80|00.42|19| MARS|URANUS|2427546.74583|CE 1934 Apr 19 05:54.0 TT|427.88|+424.28|+421.08| - | - |01.92|01.68|03.62|00.42|01| MARS|URANUS|2432403.58264|CE 1947 Aug 06 01:59.0 TT|043.45|+039.29|+035.24| - | - |02.39|01.77|04.49|00.44|48| MARS|URANUS|2442346.39861|CE 1974 Oct 25 21:34.0 TT|262.65|+259.05|+256.12| - | - |01.80|01.80|03.39|00.45|04| MARS|URANUS|2447214.36736|CE 1988 Feb 22 20:49.0 TT|040.52|+036.00|+031.29| - | - |02.75|01.78|05.16|00.45|63| MARS|URANUS|2456374.26250|CE 2013 Mar 22 18:18.0 TT|039.09|+035.47|+032.21| - | - |01.96|01.66|03.68|00.42|06| MARS|URANUS|2461225.75903|CE 2026 Jul 04 06:13.0 TT|378.19|+374.23|+370.47| - | - |02.23|01.73|04.19|00.43|38| MARS|URANUS|2471163.43611|CE 2053 Sep 17 22:28.0 TT|176.41|+172.81|+169.91| - | - |01.79|01.82|03.36|00.46|09| MARS|URANUS|2476035.12153|CE 2067 Jan 19 14:55.0 TT|541.87|+537.74|+533.81| - | - |02.33|01.79|04.38|00.45|51| MARS|URANUS|2476755.52639|CE 2069 Jan 09 00:38.0 TT|485.89|+482.07|+478.64| - | - |02.06|01.76|03.87|00.44|32| MARS|URANUS|2485202.67917|CE 2092 Feb 25 04:18.0 TT|483.62|+479.96|+476.62| - | - |02.00|01.66|03.76|00.42|13| MARS|URANUS|2485921.06875|CE 2094 Feb 12 13:39.0 TT|240.99|+237.14|+233.47| - | - |02.18|01.67|04.09|00.42|32| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MARS - NEPTUNE APPULSES FROM CE 1600 TO CE 2100. Max Distance 10' - Source UrukFSP ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P1 P2 JDN TT Date SEP " A B GEO TOP SD1 SD2 PAR1 PAR2 ELO ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MARS|NEPTUNE|2308275.25833|CE 1607 Sep 28 18:12.0 TT|508.20|+505.29|+502.14| - | - |01.83|01.08|03.44|00.28|21| MARS|NEPTUNE|2308992.80625|CE 1609 Sep 15 07:21.0 TT|381.19|+378.35|+375.32| - | - |01.76|01.07|03.31|00.28|05| MARS|NEPTUNE|2313102.62292|CE 1620 Dec 16 02:57.0 TT|208.89|+205.04|+200.15| - | - |02.76|01.09|05.18|00.29|71| MARS|NEPTUNE|2339520.88889|CE 1693 Apr 15 09:20.0 TT|219.15|+215.81|+211.86| - | - |02.25|01.09|04.24|00.29|35| MARS|NEPTUNE|2367395.35139|CE 1769 Aug 09 20:26.0 TT|473.50|+470.60|+467.44| - | - |01.83|01.08|03.44|00.28|21| MARS|NEPTUNE|2368112.31250|CE 1771 Jul 27 19:30.0 TT|308.93|+305.83|+302.32| - | - |02.02|01.08|03.80|00.28|38| MARS|NEPTUNE|2370784.31389|CE 1778 Nov 19 19:32.0 TT|572.22|+568.78|+564.64| - | - |02.35|01.09|04.42|00.29|57| MARS|NEPTUNE|2397924.34167|CE 1853 Mar 11 20:12.0 TT|548.40|+545.32|+541.87| - | - |01.99|01.08|03.74|00.28|10| MARS|NEPTUNE|2398639.09444|CE 1855 Feb 24 14:16.0 TT|337.39|+334.32|+330.87| - | - |01.99|01.08|03.74|00.28|10| MARS|NEPTUNE|2429183.93056|CE 1938 Oct 12 10:20.0 TT|254.67|+251.72|+248.48| - | - |01.87|01.08|03.52|00.28|27| MARS|NEPTUNE|2434014.31458|CE 1952 Jan 02 19:33.0 TT|564.06|+559.89|+554.42| - | - |03.07|01.10|05.76|00.29|80| MARS|NEPTUNE|2457754.78819|CE 2017 Jan 01 06:55.0 TT|067.91|+063.96|+058.89| - | - |02.85|01.10|05.35|00.29|59| MARS|NEPTUNE|2458460.08958|CE 2018 Dec 07 14:09.0 TT|128.31|+122.78|+114.78| - | - |04.41|01.12|08.29|00.29|88| MARS|NEPTUNE|2460429.68889|CE 2024 Apr 29 04:32.0 TT|123.54|+120.09|+115.94| - | - |02.36|01.09|04.43|00.29|40| MARS|NEPTUNE|2488303.91181|CE 2100 Aug 23 09:53.0 TT|007.71|+004.84|+001.74| - | - |01.80|01.07|03.37|00.28|16| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JUPITER - URANUS APPULSES FROM CE 1600 TO CE 2100. Max Distance 10' - Source UrukFSP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P1 P2 JDN TT Date SEP " A B GEO TOP SD1 SD2 PAR1 PAR2 ELO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JUPITER|URANUS|2314075.20556|CE 1623 Aug 15 16:56.0 TT|005.03|-012.33|-013.27|occ|occ|15.56|01.80|01.39|00.45|09| JUPITER|URANUS|2329310.58264|CE 1665 May 02 01:59.0 TT|025.66|+004.65|+003.36| - | - |19.27|01.74|01.72|00.44|82| JUPITER|URANUS|2344366.79583|CE 1706 Jul 23 07:06.0 TT|049.06|+031.69|+030.76| - | - |15.57|01.80|01.39|00.45|08| JUPITER|URANUS|2359602.65278|CE 1748 Apr 09 03:40.0 TT|269.23|+249.48|+248.30| - | - |18.03|01.72|01.61|00.43|63| JUPITER|URANUS|2374659.17917|CE 1789 Jun 29 16:18.0 TT|068.50|+050.84|+049.87| - | - |15.86|01.80|01.42|00.45|25| JUPITER|URANUS|2389897.78542|CE 1831 Mar 21 06:51.0 TT|420.15|+401.23|+400.12| - | - |17.21|01.70|01.54|00.43|47| JUPITER|URANUS|2404949.87361|CE 1872 Jun 05 08:58.0 TT|063.35|+045.06|+044.04| - | - |16.48|01.82|01.47|00.46|44| JUPITER|URANUS|2420195.65208|CE 1914 Mar 04 03:39.0 TT|522.11|+503.74|+502.68| - | - |16.67|01.69|01.49|00.43|33| JUPITER|URANUS|2435114.62639|CE 1955 Jan 07 03:02.0 TT|539.47|+514.41|+512.85| - | - |23.08|01.98|02.06|00.50|170| JUPITER|URANUS|2435238.36111|CE 1955 May 10 20:40.0 TT|056.28|+036.95|+035.85| - | - |17.49|01.84|01.56|00.46|65| JUPITER|URANUS|2465474.24028|CE 2038 Feb 19 17:46.0 TT|203.81|+179.76|+178.27| - | - |22.10|01.95|01.97|00.49|139| JUPITER|URANUS|2465513.40972|CE 2038 Mar 30 21:50.0 TT|076.43|+054.83|+053.54| - | - |19.71|01.89|01.76|00.48|100| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JUPITER - NEPTUNE APPULSES FROM CE 1600 TO CE 2100. Max Distance 10' - Source UrukFSP -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P1 P2 JDN TT Date SEP " A B GEO TOP SD1 SD2 PAR1 PAR2 ELO -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2310199.50000|CE 1613 Jan 04 00:00.0 TT|005.06|-015.54|-016.98|occ|occ|19.48|01.12|01.74|00.29|107| JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2310218.26389|CE 1613 Jan 22 18:20.0 TT|257.63|+235.93|+234.39| - | - |20.57|01.13|01.84|00.30|127| JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2310407.65139|CE 1613 Jul 31 03:38.0 TT|504.36|+487.12|+485.96| - | - |16.16|01.08|01.44|00.28|47| JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2338372.25278|CE 1690 Feb 21 18:04.0 TT|112.20|+094.56|+093.37| - | - |16.56|01.08|01.48|00.28|09| JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2342964.08056|CE 1702 Sep 19 13:56.0 TT|002.50|-023.44|-025.35|occ|occ|24.78|01.16|02.21|00.30|165| JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2399025.89167|CE 1856 Mar 17 09:24.0 TT|160.94|+143.32|+142.13| - | - |16.53|01.08|01.48|00.28|09| JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2426969.68958|CE 1932 Sep 19 04:33.0 TT|502.37|+485.76|+484.66| - | - |15.53|01.08|01.39|00.28|18| JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2459682.11806|CE 2022 Apr 12 14:50.0 TT|358.13|+340.16|+338.93| - | - |16.89|01.09|01.51|00.29|29| JUPITER|NEPTUNE|2487628.32917|CE 2098 Oct 16 19:54.0 TT|311.63|+294.45|+293.30| - | - |16.09|01.08|01.44|00.28|40| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SATURN - URANUS APPULSES FROM CE 1600 TO CE 2100. Max Distance 10' - Source UrukFSP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ P1 P2 JDN TT Date SEP " A B GEO TOP SD1 SD2 PAR1 PAR2 ELO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN|URANUS|2314120.16458|CE 1623 Sep 29 15:57.0 TT|590.81|+580.48|+580.04| - | - |08.49|01.84|00.90|00.46|51| SATURN|URANUS|2480693.66042|CE 2079 Oct 22 03:51.0 TT|582.01|+571.93|+571.50| - | - |08.30|01.78|00.88|00.45|89| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SATURN - URANUS APPULSES FROM CE 1600 TO CE 2100. Max Distance 10' - Source UrukFSP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- P1 P2 JDN TT Date SEP " A B GEO TOP SD1 SD2 PAR1 PAR2 ELO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SATURN|NEPTUNE|2382118.16458|CE 1809 Dec 01 15:57.0 TT|288.09|+279.49|+278.98| - | - |07.53|01.07|00.80|00.28|03| SATURN|NEPTUNE|2473982.66042|CE 2061 Jun 07 03:51.0 TT|413.52|+404.20|+403.61| - | - |08.23|01.08|00.87|00.28|04| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
